Primary school in Kabul, Afghanistan

Afghanistan is a landlocked country located in Central Asia. The country is bordered by Pakistan to the south and east, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north, and China to the far northeast. Afghanistan has a population of about 32 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. The capital and largest city is Kabul. Afghanistan is a unitary presidential Islamic republic with a population of 32 million. Islam is the official religion of Afghanistan, and 98% of Afghans are Muslims. The novel "The Kite Runner" by Afghan-American author Khaled Hosseini is set in Afghanistan during the Soviet occupation and civil war of the 1980s and early 1990s. Since then, Afghanistan has been involved in a number of wars, most notably the War in Afghanistan (2001-present). In October 2001, U.S. forces began bombing Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom after the September 11th attacks. In December 2001, a multinational force led by the United States overthrew the Taliban government. Despite significant international assistance and progress toward rebuilding Afghanistan's infrastructure and economy, insecurity remains widespread throughout much of the country.

Primary school is the first stage of formal education, typically starting between the ages of five and seven. Primary schools are usually subdivided into infant schools and junior schools, with pupils spending four or five years in each. The curriculum at primary level is designed to develop basic literacy and numeracy skills, as well as to introduce children to a broad range of Subjects. In recent years, there has been a move towards more creative teaching methods, such as project-based learning and the use of technology. Primary education is compulsory in many countries, and it is typically followed by secondary education.